Honshū Island: Japan's must-see attractions
The main island of the Japanese archipelago is where most of the country's most famous attractions are concentrated, with Tokyo and Kyoto at the top. However, the island is vast, and if you are keen on places that are more "off the beaten track", then you will find your happiness in the northern region, Tohoku.
Tohoku, the lost paradise
With some mountains and volcanoes, the area offers plenty of beautiful walks and landscapes. Starting with the landscape of the Shirakami-Sanchi mountain range, a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its vast primary beech forest. Shirakami provides access via various hiking trails to the forests, which are obviously at their peak in autumn, as well as several to waterfalls and lakes. One of the places to see is called Juniko, where you will have a trail going around the 12 lakes and pools there, including Aoike, with its unusual blue color.

Shirakami Mountain Landscape. Photo credit らんで / CC BY-SA
Another spot to favor, the walk in the Anmon valley, not far from Lake Miyama. The path runs along the river Anmon and leads to a waterfall nestled in the heart of the woods. If you are in the area, you can also take a walk to the Mount Iwaki, a stratovolcano. The latter can be easy to access since it is known for its 69-turn hairpin road, approaching the summit, with which you can follow with a cable car, like a piece of cake to the summit!
Further north before possibly reaching Hokkaido, you have the lunar landscape around the Usori Lake, where there is a temple there, Osore-Zan, which seems so timeless.
If you get closer to Sendai, you can visit the superb Towada-Hachimentai National Park, a vast area of cedar, beech and pine forest that stretches from Lake Towada in the north to Mount Hachimentai and the crater of Mount Ou. Not far from there, in the Moriaka city, be sure to visit the beautiful zen temple Hoon-ji, which houses 500 statues representing Buddha's disciples.

Mount Iwate with Moriaka City in the foreground. Photo credit: yisris / CC BY-SA
Sendai, the region's main city and capital of Miyagi Prefecture, can make an ideal stopover on the roads of northern Japan. You can take a look at the website of the Sendai Castle Ruins, of which only a few outbuildings remain, since it was dismantled in 1870 and then damaged during the Second World War. Another point of interest, Zuiho-den, a mausoleum complex of Date Masamune and his descendants, a feudal lord of Edo. Finally, take (or resume) a breath of nature by going to see one of the region's waterfalls, such as the fall Aiku.
If you have time, you can take a tour of the coastal city of Matsushima, where there is an archipelago of islands and the Zen temples Zuigan-ji and Godaidō, the latter being on a small island attached to the quay from which pleasure boats leave to visit the bay.
Tokyo and surroundings
The Kanto region is largely dominated by the megalopolis that is Tokyo, the most populated urban area in the world with 42 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area. Starting from a simple fishing village, its old name, Edo, meaning estuary, it grew in importance during the Tokugawa shogunate until becoming the capital following the restoration of the emperor in 1868. It is therefore a huge city certainly, modern too but with an interesting past and history.
It is also in the heart of Tokyo that the main residence of the Emperor of Japan, Kokyo. Not far from the Imperial Palace, you have the small Ueno Park, where the Ueno Toshogu Shrine, dedicated to the memory of Tokugawa Iesayu, a local gem with its gold-covered gates. Nearby, you will be in the Asakusa district where there is an important sanctuary, Senso-ji, the oldest Buddhist temple in Tokyo (founded in the 7th century), dedicated to the goddess Kannon (equivalent to the Chinese goddess of mercy).
If this is your first time in Japan and you are not yet sick of temples and shrines, you can take a trip to Yasukuni-jinja, a shrine dedicated to the dead of the Japanese civil war. You can take a deep breath Shinjuku Gyon Park, which covers an area of 58 hectares, a true oasis with its sublime gardens (including a "French" section). Not far from there, meditate in the Shinto shrine of Meiji-jingū, located on a small hill covered with forest. It all feels very zen and contradictory with the bustling neighborhood surrounding it, because you are then in the heart of Shibuya, famous for its crosswalk, a real anthill and unique ballet when cars stop to let people pass. Shibuya is a shopping district and you will have plenty to do in "Cat Street" or in Takeshita-dōri.
If you like temples, you can see the Zojo-ji, a former gigantic complex that is modest in size these days. The latter is right next to the famous Tokyo Tower, a sort of "copy" of the Eiffel Tower (at least inspired by it), from where you will have a view of the entire city at its summit. And if you are passing through the area, you might as well stroll around the Hama-Rikyu Garden, a perfect example of a typical Edo period garden.
If you are visiting the area and want to get out of the city, there is of course the legendary Mount Fuji, which can be climbed part of the year (from early July to mid-September) but which is also surrounded by beautiful spots to admire this true icon of Japan. One of the best views in my opinion is from the Chureito Pagoda, located on the mountainside with Mount Fuji facing it. Another site of interest is the Fuji Hakone Izu National Park, centered around hakone, a town renowned for its thermal spas (like Miyanoshita Onsen).
Heading north from Tokyo, head towards Nikko, a small town near which there are two attractions. The Nikko Toshogu Shrine, a large 17th century mausoleum which is part of the Unesco World Heritage Site and Kegon Falls, which falls from a height of almost 100 meters.
If you are looking for sea air, the closest option is the Kamakura city. Not far from the beach, you can still get a little cultural dose with the Hase-dera ancient temple (from the 8th century) and the large bronze Buddha from Kotoku-in. If you like temples next to forests, there is the Sasuke-Inari Shrine which should satisfy this demand. Finally if the bamboo Kyoto is much more famous, you will have a good one in Kamakura at Hokoku-ji Temple, whose adjacent hill served as shelter for soldiers during the war.
Another more atypical option is to “go into exile” on the volcanic island of Izu, south of Tokyo Bay, dominated by the volcano Mount Mihara. The fact is that if you continue south, towards the Northern Mariana Islands, you will then come across Ogasawara Archipelago, a group of 40 islands and islets forming a national park and newly listed in the Unesco World Heritage. So more than 1 km from the Japanese coast, these islands as well as others further south (Haha Island) nevertheless depend on the prefecture of Tokyo.
There are some great walks to do, especially on Chichijima Island, where Ogasawara National Park is located. You can see Kominato Beach from below, before admiring the view from above from Nakayama Viewpoint. The waters surrounding the small southern islands are beautiful, especially towards Minamijima Island, where the small cove of Ogichi is located.
The Japanese Alps, a hiking paradise
The mountain range occupying the center of the island of Honshu is known for its resemblance to our Alps, with the difference that here they are volcanic mountains for some. Composed of three mountain ranges approaching 3 m (its main peak, Mount Kita, even exceeds this cape at 000 m), the japanese alps (a term popularized by foreign explorers) are the only three active glaciers in Japan.
In general, we visit this region from the coastal city of Kanazawa, where there are grouped some attractions and interesting old quarter. We can first mention its castle, the Kanazawa Castle, of rather modest appearance but whose its gardens (Kenroku-en), are probably better known.

Kanazawa Castle seen from Kenroku-en Garden.
The local curiosity being Myōryū-ji Temple, also more widely called Ninja-dera, and yes, we are talking about the legendary ninjas of Japan. This temple, which has a rather ordinary exterior appearance, only seems to be composed of one floor and about ten rooms. Built by the lord of the city in the 20th century, it actually houses more than 3 rooms spread over XNUMX floors in half-levels. This atypical construction, to which is added a labyrinth of stairs and real traps, was intended to disorient potential attackers and allow a defense system for the samurai and soldiers protecting the place.
Crossing the Useno River you will reach the Higashi Chaya old quarter, which is reminiscent of Gion and its houses with wooden facades. Another way to travel through time is possible since the region is home to many villages that seem frozen in time.
On the way to Matsumoto, you have the most famous which is Shirakawa-go, included in the Hakusan National Park. The village is famous for its thatched roof houses, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. And about 50 km away, you have the charming Takayama, nicknamed "Little Kyoto" for its small cobblestone streets that line the old town. If you like caves, there is an interesting one nearby, Hida Great Limestone Cave.
Once at Matsumoto, you can visit its castle (yet another one) and see a wasabi farm, the plant from which a paste is extracted that is used to make the condiment of the same name that tears your face off. It is also near Matsumoto that you will have the most representative landscapes of these mountains, beautiful mount Hotaka for example, where is the beautiful Kamikochi Valley. Higher up you have the Hida Mountains or better, Mount Tate. Near these mountain ranges, there is the magnificent Shōmyō waterfall.
But the other major attraction of the region, still in terms of villages, is found in Kisoji Valley. From Matsumoto and heading towards Nakatsugawa, you can take an old shopping street, Old Nakasendo. It used to be used by merchants traveling between Edo (Tokyo) and Kyoto. In order to be able to camp and eat, there were no fewer than 69 relay posts, some of which still exist. So, you have the Narai-juku towns to the north, then Tsumago and Magome, each of which retains a timeless aspect.
A little away from all these sites, closer to Tokyo, you have the valley and Jigokudan Park. Located not far from Nagano, the park is famous for its monkeys who also enjoy hot baths (especially in winter!).

Cobblestone street in Magome village, crossing old Nakasendo road. Photo credit: SElefant / CC BY-SA
Before reaching Kyoto (or elsewhere), go through Nagoya, which can be interesting, especially in its northern suburb, Inuyama. There are at least two sites there that could justify a stopover. First, there is the Meiji-mura Museum, considered one of the best in Japan (be careful because the site is vast, more than 60 buildings, so it can take time to go around it!). Then, 10 km from there, on the banks of the Kiso River, you have the Inuyama Castle. It is one of the 12 original castles remaining in Japan, meaning that it has not been rebuilt. It has withstood the test of time, earthquakes and escaped fires for nearly 500 years.
Kansai, the essentials
Although there are already some must-sees mentioned above, the Kansai region alone concentrates a good part of the classics to see in Japan. If you plan to come to Japan only once, this is the region not to be missed.
To start with Kyoto, the ancient capital up to 1868. This is where you will find the high profile sites like the bamboo grove ofArashiyama, which is adjacent to the temple Tenryuji. More Arashiyama is not thata bamboo forest, far away. These are also several sanctuaries, and it is also a nature area, which is parcours especially by boat via the Katsura River, or by train, along the mountain. You can also see monkeys on the hill opposite, at Monkey Park Iwatayama.
Among the must-see places in Kyoto, we can mention the golden temple, kinkaku-ji and the silver temple, Ginkaku-ji. Still in the temples, there is the temple on the hillside, Kiyomizu-dera Temple, registered in Unesco World Heritage. The current buildings, dating from 1633, dominate the town from its hill, surrounded by abundant forest. To get there, you will have to go through the Gion Historic District, where you might come across a few Geishas. On the riverside, eat in the lively alleyway and neighborhood Ponto-cho. Finally, when leaving the city, don't miss the shrine with thousands of torii, Fushimi Inari-taisha, which you can go see on your way to Nara, another stopover in Kansai.
Nara is an ancient capital (considered the first in Japan), known for its superb Temple Todai-hee and the hall Daibutsu-den, housing a majestic bronze statue of Buddha. It is also other temples of historical importance like the Kofuku-ji or sanctuary Shinto Kasuga Taishai. Nara is also a park where hundreds of deer roam freely around these sacred sites, creating a special atmosphere. This is a stopover that is often visited as a day trip from Kyoto.
Nara can be used as a bivouac for the night if you continue further south in Kansai, in the mountains of the prefecture of Wakayama.

You can borrow the old one Kumuno Kodo pilgrimage route, of which there are several variants. One of them is done by crossing the Kii peninsula from east to west. The departure is from the outskirts of the coastal city of Tanabe and ending near another coastal town, Shingu. However, it is not the coast that you will follow but a path in the heart of the mountains. Like the Way of Saint James, the route is punctuated by sacred places and you can stop at picturesque inns and onsen villages.
Starting from Takijiri-Oji, you will have two days to reach the shrine Kumano Hongu Taisha, which centralizes the pilgrimage routes. The culmination of this "ordeal" being the sanctuary kumano Nachi-taisha (also named Seiganto-ji) and its pagoda, with a beautiful waterfall and the surrounding cedar forest as a backdrop. This still requires two more days from the Kumano Hongu-taisha.
Another unmissable place in the region, which can also serve as a starting point for the Kumano Kodo trail, Mount Koya (Koya-san), best known for its unique cemetery, the largest in Japan. So yes, visiting a cemetery is not necessarily common (well, we do it at Père Lachaise) but Oku-no-in, its name, is worth the detour for its setting. Home to over 200 tombs and a major mausoleum (that of Kobo Daishi, also called Kukai), the cedar forest is majestic and walking the lantern-lined paths is an experience in itself. In addition, it is located not far from the temple at Kongōbu-ji Zen Garden.
Heading to the east coast of Kansai, you have the Ise city which is interesting to visit, especially for its Ise-jingū Shrine and old street Okage Yokocho. Not far from the seaside, if you are curious, stop at the Meoto Iwa Shinto Shrine and its frog statues.
I will end this section on Kansai by mentioning Osaka. Famous for its castle and its lively district of dotonbori, you can also visit the very beautiful garden in the park Tennoji, admire the city view at Umeda Sky Building, in the Umeda district. If you want to gain height differently and dominate Osaka Bay, climb Mount Rocco via a cable car, next to Kobe, a city renowned for its beef (and sadly famous after its earthquake in 1995 which resulted in a very good museum, the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Memorial).

View of Osaka.