Why visit Burma?
Burma was one of my very first trips after settling in Thailand in 2008. At the time, it was a country still withdrawn from the world after decades of military junta rule, with timid tourism but ridiculously low prices: our hotel in Yangon cost $12, whereas today it costs around $30.
In 2010, the country officially adopted the name Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and changed its flag and anthem. However, many embassies and travelers continue to use "Burma"—and I will stick with that name here.
The capital, meanwhile, was moved from Yangon to Naypyidaw, a new city that sprang up in the middle of nowhere, 300 km to the north.
Myanmar remains a unique destination in Southeast Asia: a rich, captivating country still relatively untouched by mass tourism. It boasts an incredibly welcoming population, far more English spoken than one might expect, a still reasonable cost of travel, and above all, a true diversity of landscapes—mountains in the north, wild beaches in the west, plains dotted with pagodas, traditional villages, and a colonial legacy.
It is this more “remote”, less polished side that continues to appeal.
In the cities, traces of British colonialism are still visible: red brick administrative buildings, courthouses, old government ministries.
A beautiful country… but not easy
Myanmar remains marked by complex politics and ethnic conflicts. These aspects serve as a reminder that the country is still struggling to open up: aging infrastructure, sometimes chaotic transport, a limited offering compared to Thailand, and above all, areas that remain inaccessible due to local conflicts or administrative restrictions.
- We will develop this in the section “Safety & Health"
Post 2021 The trip is theoretically still feasible because the main tourist areas are not in sensitive regions, but it's complicated, not to say delicate…
- Its welcoming population
- English is more widespread than you might think
- The cost of the trip, still cheap
- A less touristy and more “off the beaten track” country
- The landscapes are varied and the atmospheres very different depending on the region.
- Outdated infrastructure, roads and trains sometimes from another era
- Inaccessible or permit-restricted areas
- The food is sometimes quite greasy.
Do I need a visa to enter Myanmar?
All French travelers must obtain a visa before entering BurmaThis can be done either through the official e-visa or via an embassy. The tourist visa allows a stay of 28 days and is not renewable locally.
Practical advice
- Always apply for your e-visa on the official website, never through an intermediary (see details of the procedure below).
- Book at least the first night so you can provide an address.
- Print your e-visa (even if the digital version is accepted).
- Entry rules may change quickly depending on the political context.
- Check the latest announcements from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs before you leave.
Obtaining your e-visa (recommended)
Burma has nevertheless kept up with the times by allowing access to a tourist e-visa online, without going through an embassy. The process is simple and quick.
- Permitted length of stay: 28 days, not renewable on site.
- Price: approximately 50 USD.
- Delivery time: 1 to 3 working days (often validated within 24 hours).
You must indicate:
- your entry point (not modifiable afterwards),
- the address of your first accommodation.
For the address, simply indicate the hotel booked for the first night (Yangon, Mandalay or other).
Homestays or Airbnb accommodations are not permitted in Myanmar.
Official website: evisa.moip.gov.mm (interface in English only).
Entry points accepting e-visas
The e-visa is accepted at the following international airports:
- Yangon International Airport
- Mandalay International Airport
- Naypyidaw International Airport
About the land borders :
- Kawthaung (from Ranong, Thailand): generally accepted.
Other border crossings had accepted the e-visa in the past, but no longer do so:
- Tamu and Rihkhawdar (India border)
- Tachileik (northern border of Thailand)
- Myawaddy (Mae Sot border, Thailand)
Important: The rules can change quickly. Always check accepted points of entry shortly before your departure.
Can I enter through Laos?
No. It doesn't exist. no border crossings open to foreigners between Burma and Laos, and no point of entry eligible for e-visa.
Obtaining a visa at the embassy (Bangkok, Paris…)
Before the e-visa, this was the standard option. It remains possible if you prefer to do it the old-fashioned way or if the e-visa is temporarily suspended.
Documents generally required:
- Official form completed
- Passport (valid for 6 months or more, with 2 blank pages)
- 2 passport photos
- Photocopy of the passport information page
- Return ticket
- Visa fees (amount varies depending on the country)
Embassy of Myanmar in Bangkok
150 N Sathon Rd, Silom, Bang Rak, Bangkok 10500
Morning (drop-off): 09:00–12:00 • Collection: 15:30–16:30
1-day service available (express shipping), otherwise 2 to 3 days.
Embassy in Paris
60 rue de Courcelles, 75008 Paris
Processing time: approximately 10 days if requested by mail.
Visa validity: 3 months from the date of its issuance.
Length of stay : Maximum 28 days.
Burma is experiencing a humid tropical climate, very similar to that of Thailand. There are three main seasons:
→ “Cool” dry season — late October to February : this is Winter Dry weather, warm but pleasant days, cooler evenings (especially in the north and at higher altitudes). This is the most comfortable time to travel.
→ Hot and dry season — March to May : this is summer Burmese, with significantly higher temperatures and a sometimes oppressive feel, especially in the central area and throughout the south of the country.
→ Rainy season — June to October : the monsoon brings heavy rains, often brief but intense, cloudier skies at the end of the season and roads that are sometimes difficult to access.
Best time to visit Myanmar
The ideal period extends from November to FebruarySometimes until March, depending on the region. The weather is dry, sunny, and the heat remains quite bearable for sightseeing.
During my own stays (twice in December and once at the end of October in Kawthaung), I had good weather, with the exception of a few showers at the very end of the rainy season in the south.
During the monsoon season: best avoided depending on the region
The monsoon season is more pronounced than in Thailand, with more rain and a more fragile road network.
Some areas become downright unpleasant — even impassable — in the middle of summer:
- Heavily watered during the monsoon :
Sittwe, Mrauk U, Mawlamyine, Hpa An, the entire west coast and the south. - No longer "visitable" all year round (Rain present but less bothersome):
Mandalay, Bagan, Inle Lake, Central Plain.
| Region / Month | Jan. | Feb. | Mars | Apr. | Mai | June | Jul. | August | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North & Mountains | OK, fresh | OK, fresh | mixed | Very hot locally | Mixed (beginning of rain) | To be avoided (monsoon) | To be avoided (monsoon) | To be avoided (monsoon) | To be avoided (monsoon) | Mixed (rainfall) | Ideal | OK, fresh |
| Central dry zone | Ideal | Ideal | Very hot | Very hot | Very hot | Mixed (showers) | Mixed (showers) | Mixed (showers) | Mixed (showers) | Ideal | Ideal | Ideal |
| East & Shan Plateau | OK, fresh | OK, fresh | Ideal | Mixed (moderate heat) | Mixed (beginning of rain) | Mixed (rain) | Mixed (rain) | Mixed (rain) | Mixed (rain) | Ideal | Ideal | Ideal |
| West Coast (Arakan) | Ideal | Ideal | Ideal | Very hot | Avoid (strong monsoon) | Avoid (strong monsoon) | Avoid (strong monsoon) | Avoid (strong monsoon) | Avoid (strong monsoon) | Mixed (withdrawal) | Ideal | Ideal |
| South & Tenasserim | Ideal | Ideal | Ideal | Very hot | To be avoided (early monsoon season) | To be avoided (monsoon) | To be avoided (monsoon) | To be avoided (monsoon) | To be avoided (monsoon) | To be avoided (late monsoon) | Mixed results (back to dry conditions) | Ideal |
Administratively, Myanmar comprises 7 regions (where the majority ethnic group are the Bamar, who originally gave their name to the country) and 7 États (inhabited by a dominant ethnic group).
Everything is federated around a capital city which has a special status, Naypyidaw.
Union Territory
- Naypyidaw — federal capital (Union Territory)
The 7 regions
- Ayeyarwady — cap. Pathein
- New — cap. New
- Wave — cap. Wave
- Mandalay ... — cap. Mandalay ...
- Sagaing — cap. Sagaing
- Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) — cap. Dawe
- Yangon (Rangoon) — cap. Yangon
The 7 states
- Chin — cap. Haha
- kachin — cap. Myitkyina
- Kayin (Karen) — cap. Hpa-An
- Kayah — cap. Loyalty
- My — cap. Mawlamyine
- Rakhine (Arakan) — cap. sittwe
- Shan — cap. Taunggyi,
For travel, a simplified division into large areas is used as follows: Irrawaddy, West & Bengal, Mandalay & central, Eastern states, South & Tenasserim — and a mountainous North (often restricted).
1) The Irrawaddy
The Irrawaddy region includes Yangon (Rangoon), Bago (Pégou) et Pathein, as well as the beaches of Ngwe Saung and Chaung Tha.
Pathein seduced by his umbrella factories, Its what animated and pagoda ShwemokhtawOn the coastal side, Ngwe Saung offers more upscale accommodations, while Chaung Tha retains a more local atmosphere with still wild surroundings.
Overall, this region blends a genuine heritage urban et religious to more relaxed coastal atmospheres.
Yangon (Rangoon)
- North of the center, the pagoda Shwedagon dominates the city and is the highlight of a visit.
- At the heart of the colonial plan, sule stands at the main intersection, while Botataung Look towards the river front to the east.
- Around the train station and The SecretariatThe British heritage remains very legible in the central grid.
- East of Kandawgyi Park, the barge Karaweik offers a beautiful walking loop around the lake.
- Further to the northeast, the Saint Mary's Cathedral It highlights the religious diversity of Yangon.
Bago (Pégou)
- Shwe Maw Daw, Kyaik Pun (four Buddhas) and Shwesandaw are among the major pagodas.
- Kya Kha Wain Kyaung and Snake Pagoda complement the visit to religious sites.
- The great reclining Buddhas of Shwe Tha Lyaung (covered) and Naungdawgyi Myathalyaung (outdoors) impress with their size.
- Le Kambawzathardi palace (reconstruction) illustrates the history of the ancient Mon capital.
2) Western Bengal
The west coast offers remarkable sites but suffers from a marked monsoon and access conditions vary depending on the local situation. Travelers often combine Mr. U and the beach Ngapali when the weather window allows.
Le Nat Ma Taung National ParkWithin Chin HillsIt attracts lovers of panoramas and mountain villages, but it requires rigorous logistics.
Mrauk U (Rakhine State)
- The site includes massive stone temples, with a more intimate atmosphere than Bagan. Koe-Thaung stands out as the most spectacular building.
- Access is usually via sittwe (approximately two hours) and depends on current permits.
- The rolling hills frame the temples and create very soft light at sunrise and sunset.
Ngapali
- The leading seaside resort boasts a long beach conducive to relaxation and beautiful sunsets.
3) Mandalay & the central region
The central region is the most traveled axis of the country. Visitors alternate between the monuments of Mandalay ..., the ancient neighboring capitals and the vast archaeological plain of Bagan, then often complete with the Mount Popa.
Mandalay (city & surroundings)
In the city
- To the north of the urban fabric, Mandalay Hill offers a panoramic view of the city and the Irrawaddy, ideal at the end of the day.
- At the foot of the hill, the pagoda Kuthodaw aligns its white stelae — “the world’s largest book”.
- Further east of the palace, the teak monastery Shwenandaw It is distinguished by its fine sculptures.
- To the southwest of the center, the sanctuary of Buddha Mahāmūni concentrates local fervor.
Around Mandalay
- On the west bank of the Irrawaddy, Mingun can be reached by boat from Mandalay; there one can see the unfinished mass of Pahtodawgyi, joystick giant and the white pagoda Mya Thein Tan a little further north.
- Immediately south of the city, Amarapura is famous for the U Bein Bridge which crosses Lake Taungthaman, superb at sunset.
- At the South West, Ava / Inwa scattered ruins and monasteries across the countryside, including the Monastery Me Nu Brick (Maha Aungmye Bonzan).
- On the other side of the river, Sagaing unfolds its hills dotted with pagodas, with the emblematic Umin Thonze which overlooks the valley.
Bagan & Mount Popa
Bagan
- Between Old Bagan et Nyaung-UThe plain is home to several major temples: Ananda northward, Shwezigon near Nyaung-U, the mass of dhammayangyi further south and the silhouette of Thatbyinnyu near the walls of Old Bagan.
Mount Popa
- East of Bagan (a 1.5-hour drive), there is an ancient volcano Popa crowned by a perched sanctuary; the ascent (~700 steps) is done as a day trip from Bagan with views of the countryside.
4) Eastern States
Le Shan plateau and Inle Lake constitute the main area of interest in the east. The region allows for a combination navigation, religious sites et treks, while remaining attentive to the access conditions of certain areas.
Loyalty (Kayah State) is explored around the pagoda Sri Mingala Taung Taw (Taung Kwe Zedi) and some villages, with access varying according to the periods.
Inle Lake and Shan Plateau
- Boat trips allow you to observe lakeside villages et fishermen, with stops at Shwe Inn Thein, Nyaung Ohak et Kaku.
- Hikers appreciate the route Kalaw → Inle on two or three days.
- The caves of Pindaya house thousands of Buddha statues.
5) South & Tenasserim
The South combines important religious sites, a large coastal city, and a still largely unspoiled archipelago. It is therefore easy to alternate between cultural discoveries and days spent exploring. beach.
Le Mount Kyaiktiyo, better known as the Golden Rock, is among the country's major sacred sites and attracts many pilgrims.
To the east, not far from Mawlamyine (Moulmein), you will find Hpa An, a small, quiet town on the banks of the Salween River where you can visit caves hidden in the karst cliffs surrounding the region.
If you go even further down, the region of Dawe line up some uncrowded beaches, including Shin Thar Yar (with the pagoda) Myaw Yit on an islet), Tizit et Phoe Shann.
Mawlamyine (Moulmein)
- On the banks of the Thanlwin River, the town stretches its pagodas along the ridge; Kyeik Tha Lan dominates the urban landscape.
- Within the colonial fabric, the St Matthew's Church It's reminiscent of the British era.
- About twenty kilometers to the south, Win Sein Tawya houses a gigantic Reclining Buddha Open to visitors.
Hpa-An (Kayin State)
- To the southwest of the city, Kyaut Ka Latt stands in the middle of a body of water, with a view of the Zwegabin mountain range.
- To the west along the Salouen, the caves of Kaw Gon et Yathae Pyan reveal reliefs and sanctuaries, while sadden crosses a vast cavity with possible return by boat on the rice paddy side.
- Regarding the height, the Zwegabin mountain dominates in the south, when Kyar Inn et Taung Wine offer views closer to the city.
- At the end of the day, the pagoda Shwe Yin Mhyaw Watch the sun set over the Salouen.
Myeik Archipelago (Mergui Islands)
- From Myek ou Kawthaung, we reach islands that are still very well preserved; to the southwest, Nyaung Oo Phee offers clear lagoons and reefs.
- Further north in the group, the Cockburn Islands They bring together coves and granite formations ideal for snorkeling.
- At the southern end, the great Zadetkyi It remains renowned for its funds, but access depends on permits and logistics.
6) Mountainous North (Kachin / Upper Sagaing)
This area essentially allows for treks high levels, with very beautiful landforms around Whore et MyitkyinaAccess often requires license and may be suspended; therefore, the opening should be checked before any planning.
Burma in summary
- Yangon — Former capital: pagodas of Shwedagon et sule, market Bogyoke, a stroll at Kandawgyi Lake.
- Mandalay ... — Classics of the city and surrounding area: U-Bein bridgeteak monastery Shwenandaw, remains of the royal palace.
- Bagan — Spectacular ruins of the kingdom of Pagan: temples and pagodas as far as the eye can see.
- Inle Lake — “Tightrope-walking” fishermen and lakeside villages, crafts and boat trips.
- Chaung Tha — Quiet beaches and villages along the canals.
- New — Ancient royal city: grand temples and historic pagodas.
- Kyaikto (Golden Rock) — A major pilgrimage site, a golden rock in spectacular balance.
- Mawlamyine — Colonial layout, quiet alleyways, immense Reclining Buddha of the Win Sein Taw Ya temple.
- Hpa-An — Caves, karst formations, garden with thousands of Buddhaspanoramas from the Zwegabin mountain.
Burma landmarks on a map
Below you will find a general overview with ideas for major sights to see in Myanmar:
Before suggesting itineraries based on duration, I open this section as I usually do based on our experience.
Our two-week itinerary
We deliberately chose a less conventional route, omitting the essential Bagan + Inle Lake combo to focus on the area around the Irrawaddy Delta (also for budgetary reasons):
- Day 1 Arrival in Yangon + visit to Pathein (1 night)
- 2-4 Day : walks around Chaung Tha beach (3 nights)
- 5-7 Day : return trip + visit to Yangon (3 nights)
- Day 8 Bago (1 night)
- Day 9 Kinpun (1 night)
- Day 10 : Golden Rock + Mawlamyine (1 night)
- 11-13 Day : Hpa An (3 nights)
- Day 14 : return journey to Thailand (via Myawaddy-Mae Sot)
Ideas for short stays
Next, I'll start with some suggestions for a short stay (unlikely in Burma, but if you're based in Asia it's still a possibility for a first visit).
In addition to the following, as an alternative, you can also consider a quick Yangon + Karst South (Hpa-An / Mawlamyine) or a duo Bagan & Inle Lake slightly extended (possible by landing in Mandalay instead of Yangon), if you prefer landscapes to cities.
Classics over 1 week
Yangon (2 nights) → Bagan (3 nights) → Mandalay (2 nights)
In short : A concentrated dose of cultural essentials. You'll discover the former colonial capital, the temple plain of Bagan, and the monasteries/ancient capitals around Mandalay. A brisk but realistic pace with two domestic flights or one flight plus an overnight journey.
- Rhythm idea Days 1–2 Yangon (Shwedagon, colonial center, Kandawgyi Lake)
- Days 3–5 Bagan (major temples, sunrise/sunset, Popa optional ½–1 day)
- Days 6–7 Mandalay (city) + Amarapura/U Bein, Mingun or Sagaing (your choice)
- Transportation: flight Yangon→Nyaung-U + night flight/train Nyaung-U→Mandalay, return flight.
Mergui Archipelago — 1 week (pristine islands & cruise)
Consistent route from the Ranong (Thailand) / Kawthaung (Myanmar) border.
Kawthaung (1 night) → Mergui Islands Cruise (3 nights) → Myeik (2 nights) → Kawthaung (1 night)
In short: Ideal if you've already been to Thailand and want a more rugged beach experience. The archipelago is expensive but unique: crystal-clear waters, reefs, deserted beaches, a true sense of escape.
- J1 Arrive at Kawthaung (via Ranong), port walk.
- J2–J4 Cruise Mergui (Nyaung Oo Phee / Cockburn / Horse Shoe depending on the operator).
- J5 Coastal road (taxi-bus) → Myek, old port.
- J6 Myek : nearby islets as an option (depending on weather / permits).
- J7 back to Ranong.
Beaches & culture — 1 week (Yangon + Ngapali)
Yangon (2 nights) → Ngapali (4 nights) → Yangon (1 night)
In short: A "gentle" week combining culture and relaxation, ideal from November to March: pagodas and the colonial center in Yangon, then relaxation in Ngapali.
- J1 Shwedagon + colonial center.
- J2 Visits (Botataung, Kandawgyi).
- J3–J6 Ngapali : beach, fishing boat trip, mangroves.
- J7 Return to Yangon.
Itinerary for two weeks in Myanmar
Especially if you're coming from far away, this is the minimum amount of time needed to enjoy the country and discover its many facets: the major historical cities, the plains of temples of Baganthe former capitals around Mandalay and the landscapes of the Shan plateau, Inle Lake at the top. In two weeks, you can alternate between major cultural sites, scenes of local life and a bit of nature without constantly rushing.
Below, I propose the most coherent classic itinerary, then some variations if you wish to include more nature or add a seaside stop.
2 weeks (standard)
Yangon (2 nights) → Bagan (3 nights) → Mandalay (3 nights) → Kalaw (1 night) → Inle Lake (3 nights) → Yangon (1 night)
In short : The most balanced itinerary for a first visit. You combine the old colonial capital, the vast plain of temples of Bagan, the ancient capitals around Mandalay ..., then the Shan plateau between Kalaw, and Inle Lake.
- J1–J2 Yangon (Shwedagon, Colonial Center, Botataung, Kandawgyi Lake).
- J3–J5 Bagan (major temples; Mount Popa (optional ½–1 day).
- J6–J8 Mandalay ... (city) + surrounding area: Mingun, Amarapura / bridge ofU Bein, Ava, Sagaing.
- J9 Kalaw, (arrival, warm-up; possibility of starting a trek towards Inle).
- J10–J12 Inle Lake (boat, Shwe Inn Thein, Nyaung Ohak, Kaku optional).
- J13–J14 Return to Yangon (start stamp).
Possible variations over 2 weeks
Cultural mix + beach resort (Ngapali) — Replace 2 nights at Mandalay ... and 1 night at Inle Lake by 3–4 nights in Ngapali (beach) at the end of the route: Yangon → Bagan → Mandalay (2 n.) → Inle (2 n.) → Ngapali (3–4 n.) → YangonIdeal from November to March.
Karst south (Hpa-An / Mawlamyine) — Replace Kalaw + 1 night in Inle by Hpa-An (2–3 n.) et Mawlamyine (1 n.) : caves, panoramas (Mount Zwegabin), local atmosphere.
Logistics note — Keep air connections simple (flights Yangon⇄Bagan/Heho/Mandalay, depending on the season). Adjust the order according to availability.
Itinerary for a month in Myanmar
With four weeks, you have time to cover the essentials without rushing, while incorporating more “field” stages and varied atmospheres: large historical cities, plains of temples, gentle treks on the Shan plateau, karst landscapes of the East and still preserved coastline of the South.
A month also allows for alternating rhythms: a few intense days around Bagan and Mandalay, nature breaks (Kalaw → Inle, Loikaw, Hpa-An) then a seaside end to relax a little.
If you are going away for a month, you generally have some flexibility: 28, 32 or 35 days doesn't change much for the organization, you are free to adapt.
Additional note : the beaches in the South (Dawei, Mergui archipelago) simply require a little more leeway and a higher budget; it is an alternative to consider if you can slightly exceed 30 days and have a sufficiently flexible budget.
1 month in Burma
Yangon (3) → Bago (1) → Kyaiktiyo / Golden Rock (1) → Hpa-An (3) → Mawlamyine (2) → Bagan (4) → Mandalay (4) → Pyay & pyu cities (2) → Kalaw (1) → Inle Lake (4) → Loikaw (2) → Yangon (1) → Chaung Tha (2–3)
In short : a large, flowing loop that combines the karst east (Hpa-An, Mawlamyine), the historic center (Bagan, Mandalay ... + sites Pyu), the Shan plateau (Kalaw → Inle, Loyalty) and a simple seaside finish to organize at Chaung Tha (road access from Yangon).
If you have a few extra days and a more comfortable budget, you can replace Chaung Tha with the south coast around Dawe or by taking an island-hopping trip in the archipelago Mergui (via Yangon), but these variants require more logistics.
Rhythm idea
- J1–3 Yangon
- J4 Bago
- J5 Kyaiktiyo (Golden Rock)
- J6–8 Hpa-An
- J9–10 Mawlamyine
- D11–14 Bagan (Mount Popa optional)
- Days 15–18 Mandalay (+ ancient capitals)
- J19–20 Pyay & sites pyu
- J21 Kalaw
- D22–25 Inle Lake (Kakku/Pindaya optional)
- J26–27 Loikaw
- Day 28 Return to Yangon
- Days 29–30++ Chaung Tha (beach & relaxation)
Why Chaung Tha? This is the most realistic solution for a month: accessible by road from Yangon, offering a local atmosphere and easy days after a long tour. It's the simplest "beach" option to incorporate without complicating logistics.
Southern variant (Dawei / Mergui archipelago)
This trip is only feasible if you have a few extra days beyond the standard 30-day limit. Flights to Dawei, Myeik, or Kawthaung are exclusively via Yangon, and coastal travel is lengthy. It's best suited for flexible travelers seeking a more rugged beach experience.
Coming to Burma
Direct flights from Europe to Myanmar are virtually non-existent. Even with a layover, tickets are often slightly more expensive than to neighboring countries like Thailand, as the destination remains less heavily traveled.
Depending on your background, you have two main options:
- Via an Asian hub + domestic flight For example, going through Bangkok and then taking a low-cost flight to Yangon, Mandalay ... ou HehoIt costs a little more but saves a lot of time and allows you to start your journey in the heart of Burma.
- Direct long-haul flight / one stopover Several airlines connect Europe to Yangon with an intermediate stopover in a major hub (Doha, Singapore, Bangkok). Look for good fares and acceptable stopover times.
Main arrival airports
- Yangon (RGN) – the most served internationally.
- Mandalay (MDL) – practical for starting directly with the sites in the center.
- Heho (HEH) – access to Inle Lake (domestic flights only).
Arriving via Bangkok (the easiest option)
Bangkok remains the best hub for reaching Myanmar quickly and cheaply. Several airlines operate daily flights (schedule may vary):
- Thai AirAsia – frequent flights to Yangon et Mandalay ....
- Thai Airways - towards Yangon, more comfortable.
- Bangkok Airways – sometimes towards Mandalay (depending on the season).
For a trip focused on the center of the country, a Bangkok → Mandalay is often more logical than a Paris → Yangon.
Airlines with a stopover from Europe
To reach Yangon from Paris, a stopover in a major hub is required. Reliable airlines include:
- Qatar Airways – stopover in Doha, very good comfort.
- Singapore Airlines – via Changi, often around €600–750 depending on the period.
- Thai Airways – via Bangkok, convenient for adding a few days in Thailand.
- Vietnam Airlines – via Hanoi or Saigon, sometimes good rates.
Prices generally fluctuate between €600 and €750 round trip with a proper stopover.
Entering Burma by land
Several borders exist between Thailand and Burma, but none of them currently allow free passage through the countryAccess is very limited and subject to local restrictions.
- Mae Sot → Myawaddy : fluctuating opening. Entry sometimes possible, but limited movement in Myawaddy / Hpa-An / Mawlamyine depending on the period.
- Mae Sai → Tachileik : occasional access but impossible to leave Tachileik to the rest of Shan State.
- Ranong → Kawthaung Access is generally possible. Allows the cruises in the Mergui Archipelago, but no travel to Dawei or Myeik by land (military checkpoints).
- Phu Nam Ron → Htee Khee : technically open but not usable for travelers, road restrictions towards Dawei.
To conclude: for a complete itinerary in Burma, the airplane remains indispensableLand borders serve primarily to very local stays (Tachileik, Myawaddy) or access to Kawthaung and the Mergui Archipelago.
Search for a flight to Burma
Getting around in Burma
Myanmar has a fairly diverse transport network, but the level of comfort varies depending on the region and the mode of transport used. Roads are sometimes slow, trains are old, maritime connections are limited, and domestic flights remain the most reliable way to cover long distances, although here too, options are limited.
For the majority of travelers, the intercity buses and domestic flights These are the most practical combination. Trains offer an authentic but very slow experience, while ferries now only serve a few specific routes. For some intermediate journeys, you'll have shared pickup trucks (the rougher equivalent of Thai songthaews).
Finally, in cities, taxis and trishaws allow travel from one visit to another if it is too far away.
Road transport
It is the most used mode of transport in the country. Buses cover almost all major routes, although journeys can be long due to the variable state of the roads and the possible frequent stops to pick up passengers.
Local transport options (pick-up trucks, trishaws, motorcycle taxis) complement the available choices for short trips. Car rental remains complicated and strictly regulated, while scooters are more common in certain areas.
Intercity buses
For the long journeys, he is running to have evening departures (approximately 16 PM → 22 PM) with arrival in the early morning (5–6 hoursThis system isn't designed to "do everything at night," but because:
- We don't waste a whole day;
- Nighttime temperatures are gentler on the engines;
- The Burmese travel this way so as not to miss a day of work.
Comfort depends a lot on the company: on major routes (Yangon ↔ Mandalay, Mandalay ↔ Bagan, Yangon ↔ Mawlamyine), you can find “VIP” buses with reclining seats; elsewhere, the vehicles remain simpler.
Air conditioner : When it exists, it can be freezing: keep a sweater or scarf on.
On the average distances (2–6 a.m.), the daytime bus are in the majority. They are cheap, but:
- Stops are frequent;
- Travel times are lengthened by the state of the roads;
- Buses can transport a lot of goods (they need to make it profitable).
Examples of durations:
- Kinpun → Mawlamyine (150 km): approximately 4 room.
- Yangon → Bago : 1 hour 30 minutes–2 hours depending on stops.
Booking: possible at bus stations, via hotels, or online (e.g. 12go Asia, see below).
For some short tripsYou will instead be offered minibuses / minivansThey are faster and more maneuverable than conventional buses, although comfort depends heavily on the vehicle and how full it is.
Example: Bago → Kinpun (Access to the Golden Rock) is often by minivan: allow approximately 6:30 PM–8:00 PM according to the intermediate stops.
In Burmese cities, people juggle several modes of transport depending on the distance and the budget. The network may seem a bit "old school", but it works, and that's also part of the country's charm.
City buses (YBS in Yangon)
Yangon has a very extensive public bus network (YBS – Yangon Bus ServiceThe journeys only cost 50 to 100 kyats (a few cents), making it the most economical option for getting around town.
- Ultra-low prices 50–100 K
- Large network covering city center, suburbs and major thoroughfares
- Mobile app : Yangon City Bus (YBS) on Android (available in English)
Useful for following lines and identifying colors: the Myanmar site (local directory) keeps up-to-date information.
Keep some change on hand: large bills are a problem.
Taxis in the city
In Yangon, as elsewhere, taxis have not no counterNegotiation is necessary before proceeding. The basics observed:
- Minimum distance 1000–1500 K
- + 1,000–1,500 K/km
Example: Airport → Yangon city center (~15 km) = 15 to 000 K (≈ 9 to 14 €).
To hire a taxi privately for the day, expect to pay approximately 5,000 K/hour.
Shared pickup trucks
Very common on the outskirts of town and on short intercity trips. Three rows, often crowded, and frequent stops for loading and unloading. It's not the most comfortable option, but it's economical and typical.
They include, in particular:
- Bagan ↔ Mount Popa
- Myingyan ↔ Meiktila (access to the Shan plateau)
- kyaiktiyo (Rocher d'Or) and its region
Tip: The front seats are more comfortable… but 25–50% more expensive.
Trishaw, motorcycle taxi, tuk-tuk
The most typical vehicle remains the trishaw (bicycle with sidecar), slow but very local. You can also find motorcycle taxispractical in small towns or for getting to a hotel from a bus station.
The rare tuk-tuks (more of the Thai/Indian type) cost on average 4,000–7,000 K depending on the distance.
In rural areas, it is still possible to come across horse-drawn carriages or small carts pulled by oxen, especially near certain temples.
Car Hire
It's commonly said that it's impossible to drive yourself in Myanmar. The reality is more nuanced; it is possible for a foreigner to rent and drive a car in Burma — even with a simple tourist visa and international permit.
- Several travelers were able to do so via the app Yoma Car Rental, the most reliable agency for this type of service.
That said, driving is not completely unrestricted: you can only drive in the areas open to foreignersAs soon as one approaches sensitive states (Kachin, Kayah, Chin, Rakhine…) or strategic routes, access is either filtered or prohibited. The restrictions change regularly.
As a guide, the following areas are generally authorized :
- Yangon and its region
- New
- MawlamyineThaton and the axis towards Hpa-An
- Naypyidaw, Mandalay ... and the road to Pyin Oo Lwin
- A large part of the central tray (Kyaukpadaung, Meiktila…)
However, access is strongly limited or prohibited toward :
- le Deep South (Dawei, Myeik, Kawthaung) — generally accessible only by plane
- le Kayah State (Loikaw and surrounding areas)
- le China State and the majority of Rakhine
- axis Mandalay → Lashio → Muse (towards China)
- East from Taunggyi towards Kengtung / Tachileik (excluding domestic flights)
In summary: renting is possible, but remains framedA police sign, a checkpoint or a simple barrier may be enough to block the road if the area is “restricted”.
Consulting If you value independence, stick to the classic routes (Yangon → Bago → Hpa-An, Mandalay → Pyin Oo Lwin, Meiktila → Kalaw / Inle). For everything else, a local driver or the buses.
Motorcycle/scooter and bicycle rentals
Motorcycles & scooters
Scooter rental is common in tourist areas, but much less so in major cities. The price is around 10,000 K / day (≈ €6), with fuel sold everywhere in bottles (~650 K per liter). It's one of the most practical ways to explore the countryside.
Important Restrictions In Yangon, motorbikes are banned from almost the entire city, and in Mandalay the rules change regularly (foreigners were banned from renting them for several years). In practice, rentals are mostly found in areas with high travel traffic. Hpa-An, Chaung Tha, Ngwe Saung, Kalaw, and certain areas of the lake Inle.
An international driving permit is officially required, but in practice, rental companies almost never ask for it. However, in the event of an accident, Invalid insurance = costs entirely at your expense, with very high costs if a medical transfer to Thailand is required.
As for the ride, expect uneven roads, potholes, unpredictable traffic, and sometimes animals on the road. It's ideal for short distances; for more remote rural areas, choose a newer scooter rather than an older model.
Concrete example In Hpa-An, renting a scooter is perfect for exploring the caves, the karst countryside, and reaching Mount Zwegabin. In Chaung Tha, it's practically essential for getting around between the different beaches.
Bikes
Bicycles are cheap (1,000–4,000 K/dayAlways check your brakes, tires, and chain before setting off. Ideal for Bagan or certain flat areas.
Two reputable service providers based in Yangon:
- Cycling Myanmar — urban and touring circuits (2 to 15 days).
- Think Asia Travel and Tours — cycling, motorcycling, treks and classic tours.
Rail transport
The Burmese network dates back to the British colonial era (1877) and extends over more than 5 400 kmOn paper, it covers a large part of the country; in reality, the state of the tracks and equipment makes journeys slow, irregular and quite sportyHowever, it is a very “local” means of transport and sometimes an experience in itself.
For long distances, generally expect 1 hour = ~€1A telling example: Yangon → Mandalay puts about 15 p.m. for ~€15.
In fact, apart from the 647 km of the Yangon – Mandalay axis (which passes through Bago, Naypyidaw, the new capital or Thazi), which are regularly used by passenger trains, the rest is quite neglected.
Also with the exception of Yangon Circle Line, this train running in a loop around Rangoon, which we had taken.
Class & comfort
- Ordinary class : wooden seats, natural ventilation, really rustic; interesting for short journeys.
- Upper Class : padded and reclining seats; this is the most common class for foreigners.
- 1re class (depending on the line): a little better than ordinary, but not a premium class.
- Sleeper : sleeping cabins (2 or 4 berths), air conditioning, toilets at the end of the carriage.
A special case exists on the line Yangon → Bagan (train 62) Private cabins spanning the entire width of the carriage, each with its own toilet. Intimate, but no access to the rest of the train : no corridor, no dining car.
Main lines
- Yangon ↔ Mandalay (central axis, 647 km) – the most used line.
- Yangon Circle Line – a 45km loop around the economic capital, very local, convenient for seeing daily life.
- Mandalay ↔ Hsipaw / Lashio – famous for the Gokteik viaduct (magnificent but slow).
- Thazi ↔ Kalaw / Shwenyaung (Inle access) – a slow but superb mountain train at sunrise.
Booking & advice
- Not always necessary for daytime trains; buy at the ticket office.
- For berths: reservation 48 hours in advancemore so between November and March.
- Some online platforms like "12Go Asia" offer pre-purchased tickets, but Coverage is partial and foreigners sometimes cannot book certain routes
- For the berths: plan to buy 48 hours in advanceor even more depending on the season.
To know Frequent delays, strong vibrations, unexpected stops… It's not the fastest way, but It's a real piece of travel for those who want to get off the bus.
Shipping
With nearly 2,000 km of coastline With its large navigable rivers, Myanmar offers several options for river or coastal transport. The level of comfort varies enormously depending on which you choose. tourist cruise or a government public boat.
Mandalay ↔ Bagan Cruises
This is the most well-known river link, on the Irrawaddy. Two styles:
- “Cruise” version : 2 to 7 days depending on the company, with private cabins, sun deck and catering.
Eg: Sanctuary Retreats, Pandaw, Heritage Line.
Pricing : from ~$450 for 2 days (entry-level of the “luxury” segment). - “Fast boat” or “public” version Simpler, but significantly cheaper. Ideal for connecting the two cities in a day or two.
Government Ferries (IWT)
Managed by theInland Water Transport, much more basic but reliable for regular river journeys:
- Yangon ↔ Mandalay via Pyay — ~423 km, several stops along the river.
- Mandalay ↔ Bhamo / Katha — more “adventure” navigation, depending on water levels.
- Regional boats around Mawlamyine, Pathein ou Chaung Tha.
Official information:
iwt.gov.mm (site sometimes offline, classic).
Coastal boats
In the south, between Dawei–Myeik–KawthaungThe connections exist but vary enormously depending on:
- the season (rough seas),
- the local situation and military restrictions,
- the type of boat (often very simple, small, fast boats).
Important No regular tourist lines operate between Myeik and the islands of Mergui — it's only via private cruises (high prices).
International crossings
The only crossing still commonly used by travelers is:
- Ranong (Thailand) ↔ Kawthaung — crosses the Kraburi River. Fast, economical, convenient for a visa round trip.
The boats are small, fast craft, sometimes shared, sometimes privately chartered. They are functional, but very basic.
To know : maritime safety conditions are variable; avoid journeys on open sea during the monsoon.
Air transport
The Burmese air network remains relatively well-developed, with several airports providing quick connections to tourist regions (Bagan, Mandalay, Inle, Dawei, etc.). It is the most efficient to cover long distances, even if the prices are higher than buses.
Maintenance standards are not those of Singapore or Bangkok; several companies still active mainly operate... ATR 72, adapted to the country's short runways. Flights are generally safe but subject to weather conditions and sometimes to last-minute cancellations.
Major international airports
- Yangon (RGN) — the most frequented, main entrance.
- Mandalay (MDL) — useful if you start from the north-central area.
- Naypyidaw (NYT) — high capacity, few international flights.
- Kawthaung (KAW) — connects with Ranong (Thailand) by boat.
- Tachileik (THL) — facing Mae sai (Thailand), regional flights only.
In practice: international arrivals are mainly limited to Yangon and occasionally Mandalay ...The others serve as regional cross-border access points.
Main domestic airports useful for travelers
- Nyaung U (NYU, Bagan)
- Heho (HEH, Inle Lake – Kalaw)
- Dawei (TVY) — access to the beaches of the South
- Myeik (MGZ) — gateway to the Mergui Archipelago
- Kengtung (KET) — Golden Triangle (access varies depending on restrictions)
- Thandwe (SNW) - for Ngapali (when accessible)
These airports make it possible to avoid endless journeys of 10 to 20 hours by road.
Airlines still in operation
Since the closure or suspension of several operators, the main ones remaining are:
- Myanmar National Airlines (MNA) — the national company, the most extensive (33 destinations) and the most reliable.
- Myanmar Airways International (MAI) — major company with international and domestic flights.
- Man Yadanarpon Airlines — small fleet but decent network in the center and east.
- Golden Myanmar Airlines — more unstable, but sometimes available on certain lines.
To avoid : companies whose activity is very sporadic or almost stopped (Air Bagan, Air Mandalay).
Examples of durations & prices
Indicative prices (often variable depending on the season, network conditions and imposed fees):
- Yangon → Mandalay: 1:15pm (~€70–120)
- Yangon → Heho (Inle): 1h (~€70–110)
- Mandalay → Bagan: 30 minutes (~€40–80)
- Yangon → Dawei: 1:10pm (~€80–130)
- Dawei → Myeik: 40 minutes (~€40–70)
During peak season (Nov.–Mar.), prices rise rapidly.
Practical advice
- Book early on routes to Heho, Bagan and Dawei: demand often exceeds supply.
- Allow some leeway for road/sea connections in the South (cancellations possible).
- baggage : reduced allowances on ATR (often 10 kg cabin + 20 kg hold max).
- Passport & e-visa required at boarding, even on domestic flights if you have just arrived recently.
To conclude: Fast and convenient for long distances, but more expensive and susceptible to unforeseen events. Ideal for connecting Bagan, Inle, Mandalay ... ou Dawe without losing 1 to 2 days of travel.
It's not necessarily required to book all your nights in advance. But if you've spotted a small guesthouse or a highly rated local hotelIt is best to plan ahead: accommodation capacity remains limited and some places fill up quickly.
We experienced this at Mawlamyine, where we ended up in a rather shabby hotel due to a lack of availability elsewhere (if we had known, we would have booked at Cinderella Hotel in Mawlamyine; a bit expensive, around €40 a night, but fully booked anyway when we were there).
Conversely, booking often saves time — although unpleasant surprises are never completely ruled out.
Product ranges and prices
- Single room without air conditioning $10–15 US$ (~€9–14)
- Room with air conditioning and private bathroom $30–35 US$ (~€28–33)
- Charming hotel / 4 stars $80–100 US$ (~€75–95)
Standards vary from city to city: accommodations are often simpler in the provinces, while Yangon et Mandalay ... They now offer more modern options. Right now, you can find some great deals.
As examples : the Balmi hotelIn the heart of Yangon, there's a thoroughly modern hotel, advertised at under €20! Another example, Hotel G Yangon, close to Bogyoke Market and Yangon Railway Station, is less than €30.
As a slightly "upscale" hotel, the Victoria Cliff Hotel and Resort Kawthaung (4★, two swimming pools, sea view) which we tested, could be around €80 per night, I see it at current rates around €40, even in the "high" season → see details below.
Victoria Cliff Hotel And Resort
Note: 8,8 / 10
Budget: from €40
It was our little treat at the time, especially since the choices were quite limited in Kawthaung anyway. If you're ever in the area, it's still a lovely place with modern amenities, swimming pools, and a stunning view of the bay. Its only drawback is its location away from the center; we had to use a local sidecar to get around.
Alternative housing
The concept Airbnb does not exist in Burma: legislation still prohibits private individuals from hosting foreigners.
As to campingIt is virtually non-existent: no official sites, and bivouacking is not recommended.
To conclude: Choose hotels or guesthouses that are officially approved., often more authentic than imposing, and book your key stops in advance.
To book a hotel in Myanmar, here is the search tool:
Local currency: the official currency is the kyat (MMK)No coins are in daily circulation; you will mainly handle banknotes. Common denominations: 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 MMK.
- Pieces : Theoretically, pyas exist, but they are practically no longer in circulation.
- Tickets : 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 MMK (the most used).
Rates & context Since 2021, the formal and informal markets have diverged significantly. Expect a substantial gap between the reference rate and street rate, with rapid variations.
- Useful reference points (order of magnitude): 10,000 MMK ≈ €2–3 · 10,000 MMK ≈ €10–12.
Conversion tips To quickly estimate the price in euros, divide a price by thousands by ~4–5 (e.g.: 25,000 MMK → ~€5–6).
Daily : the Bank card is not guaranteed everywhere. Plan accordingly. cash in kyats for budget accommodation, meals, local transport and tours. ATMs (KBZ, CB Bank) They accept foreign cards in major cities, but fees and occasional unavailability are possible: keep a little liquid cushion and remove when you can.
USD/EUR Some high-end hotels or agencies may accept the USD (immaculate tickets), but the kyat This remains the norm in everyday life. Avoid paying in foreign currency if the exchange rate is unfavorable; instead, exchange into MMK and pay locally.
Price benchmarks
Accommodation
- Entry-level room (guesthouse): 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €5–12)
- Standard hotel: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €12–25)
- Good hotel / boutique hotel: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €28–50)
- Ngapali / Mergui (beaches, resorts): 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €50–110)
Catering
- Small local restaurant/stall: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €1–2)
- Classic Burmese dish: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €1,3–3)
- Coffee / soft drinks: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €0,70–1,3)
- “Standard” restaurant: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €4–7)
- Tourist restaurant / international cuisine: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €7–14)
Transport
- City bus: 200–500 MMK (≈ €0,10–0,25)
- Urban taxi (Yangon): 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €1–2 depending on distance)
- Long distance bus (Yangon → Bagan/Mandalay): 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €6–10)
- Train (depending on class): 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €0,70–3)
- Domestic flight: €90–160 depending on the route and season
Visits
- Major pagodas/temples: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €0,70–3)
- Bagan area (entrance fees): 25,000 MMK (≈ €8–9)
- Bagan – e-bike rental: 15,000–30,000 MMK (≈ €1,5–3)
- Inle Lake – boat trip: 20,000–30,000 MMK / boat (≈ €7–10)
- Mergui Cruises: €150–300 / day according to comfort
For data updated (consumer prices, meals, transport), consult Numbeo for Burma (or to be precise, by city such as Yangon, Mandalay ... etc.).
Small budget
Average budget
Comfortable
Traveling in Myanmar requires a bit more preparation than in other countries in the region. Medical infrastructure remains limited outside major cities, some areas experience localized tensions, and access to several regions can change from season to season or even week to week. Nothing insurmountable if you stay informed, organized, and flexible, but it's important to know what you're getting into.
This section contains the essentials: provident insurance, vaccines, available care, sensitive areas, natural hazards et useful numbersThe maps below also allow us to visualize the gap between the recent situation and that of before 2020, to better understand what remains accessible or not.
Travel insurance — is it really necessary?
- Plan for insurance coverage high medical costs, repatriation, cancellation et public liability.
- Check the support outside major cities and advance payment (direct billing).
- If you are trekking/cycling: make sure that the activities and conduct (International driving permit required) are included.
I recommend you Heymondo Travel Insurance (5% discount via my link).
Transparency: if you subscribe via this link, I will receive a small commission — at no extra cost to you.
Vaccines & health (standard recommendations)
- Updates DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-polio) + ROR depending on age.
- Depending on the route/duration: Hepatitis A, Typhoid, eventually Hepatitis B, Rage (long stays/pets) Japanese encephalitis (rural areas/season).
- Personal first-aid kit: painkillers, antiseptic, plasters, anti-diarrheal treatmentmosquito repellent, sun protection, your orders and generics.
- Water: prioritize capped bottles or treated water; avoid ice cubes/raw products that pose a risk.
Security in Burma
From a purely crime perspective, Myanmar isn't necessarily considered dangerous. But because of its instability, it has become one of the least safe countries in Asia… This is obviously due to clashes between ethnic factions and the junta's army, which returned to power following the 2021 coup.
- clashes and checks may occur depending on the State (travel sometimes subject to license). Check locally and follow the instructions.
- Avoid Military zones, gatherings. Respect the curfews possible and keep a passport copy on you.
- In several states (Kayin, Shan, Kachin, Kayah in particular), areas remain mined or at risk ofexplosive devicesStay on known routes/pathsDon't cut across fields, ask for local advice.
- Internet/telecoms: possible cuts punctual. Have offline plans and cash.
To clarify, I've included two maps. One is the current one (on the left), which, to summarize, advises against traveling to Burma at this time. The other, on the right, represents the larger areas that are usually accessible (and already limited in scope).
Areas & travel (see maps above)
- In practice, the focus is on the routes that are generally more heavily trafficked: Yangon, Bago/Kyaiktiyo, Hpa-An, Mawlamyine, Bagan, Mandalay ..., Kalaw → Inle LakeAccess may vary: check before.
- Historically (see older map), some areas passed into enhanced vigilance rather than advising against it. Today, base your decision primarily on the most recent map.
- Keep it logical step by step : confirmation of transport/hotels, local information on arrival, plan B in case of sudden closure.
Emergency numbers & useful contacts
Emergency numbers:
- Police : 199
Hospitals in Yangon:
- Samitivej International (Parami Hospital, Yangon) – 11th floor, 60 (G-1) New Parami Road, Mayangone Township. Tel: +95 931911541 / +95 931911542 · Email: Samitivej.yangon@gmail.com
- International SOS Yangon – Inya Lake Hotel, 37 Kaba Aye Road. Such. : +95 1 657 922 / +95 1 667 879
- Outside major cities: limited infrastructure. Good insurance makes things easier. a transfer et repatriation.
French Embassy in Burma:
102 Pyidaungsu Yeithka Road - BP 858Rangoon
Phone: +95 12 39 00 89
Embassy website: https://mm.ambafrance.org/
Travel advice from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (France Diplomacy) : Burma fact sheet
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